📚 Core Components of Language Arts (ELA)

1. Reading

• Comprehension – understanding and interpreting text
• Fluency – reading smoothly with accuracy and expression
• Phonics – decoding words using sound-letter relationships
• Vocabulary – understanding word meanings
• Text Structures – recognizing how texts are organized (cause/effect, compare/contrast, etc.)
• Literature Analysis – analyzing characters, themes, plot, and author’s purpose
• Figurative Language – simile, metaphor, idioms, etc.

2. Writing

• Composition – organizing ideas into complete pieces
• Types of Writing:
  • Narrative
  • Informational (expository)
  • Argumentative (persuasive)
• Spelling – correct word formation
• Grammar – sentence structure and rules
• Punctuation – correct use of symbols (.,!? etc.)
• Usage – proper word choice and sentence clarity
• Handwriting – legibility and presentation (especially in early grades)

3. Communication

• Listening – understanding spoken language
• Speaking – expressing ideas clearly
• Viewing – interpreting visual/media information

4. Language Study (Conventions)

(Often embedded across reading and writing)

• Grammar
• Punctuation
• Sentence structure
• Word usage

5. Integrated Literacy Skills

• Critical Thinking – analyzing and evaluating texts
• Discussion Skills – responding to texts and others’ ideas
• Media Literacy – understanding digital and visual texts